I’ve follow this topic with some interest - did a year exchange student stint mid-60’s in Germany - Bodensee.
spent two summers there late-60’s, worked for three multi-nationals and spend many months on business travel and also three years there “with family and dog” in Auslandsdienst - UnterBayern.
in the 60’s there were no “chains restos” like USA - no Sizzler, no Bonefish Grill, no Red Lobster, no Denny’s, no Golden Corral . . . etc etc etc
“fast food” at that time was Wimpy’s and WienerWald (chicken)
when we - family & dog - landed in 1985, there was a big sign as we taxied to the gate:
“McDonalds Welcomes You to Frankfurt (a/M)”
weekends of business trips I would simply drive out to some place that sounded interesting, and walk the town to see what’s there. I ate at anyplace that looked interesting - I selected any dishes that sounded interesting . . .
so, 1960’s thru 2015 , , , I also have noted the cost of ‘dining out’ to be extremely reasonable vs. USA
(non-fast food…fast food ala McDonalds/Wendy’s/etc is definitely more expensive in Europe - Norway to Malta . . .)
and the curious part is - most restaurants are family owned / operated. they don’t have a mega-hammer on provisioners.
and since not many of the family run places are into “remove wrapper, nuke for 10 minutes prior to serving” - that’s likely one reason (a) the food is way better (b) the prices are local, their suppliers/butcher/baker/candlestick makers - are local.
and, , , I also sense that the local population ‘eats out’ more often than in USA - and I also have witnessed, the locals are really really picky - German friends have said ‘we prefer x because of their tableware’ (i.e. knives/forks/spoons/plates…)
I’ve been shopping on a Saturday morning with German friends who went to three different bakeries - one has better pretzels, one has better ‘white bread aka Toast-Brot’ and the third has better ‘daily bread’
watching (many) USA chain locations it’s hard to suggest they are ‘starved for customers’ - so the “Germans eat out more” argument does not hold up. . . . .
sorta’ - we had an Outback location that was so bad, they folded; also another chain, name escapes me at the moment.
a ‘local family run’ resto in Germany/Sweden/Italy that does not put out excellent food and excellent service will not survive a week . . .
the cost of real estate does not hold up - Europe has had a real estate ‘shortage’ for +/- 1500 years . . .
living/working there/paid in DEM, it was still a reasonable thing for us to eat out a decent restaurants regularly.
the “exchange rate” appears to simply “not apply” - when in Rome, all things are/were measured in Lira - what seems ‘cheap’ to a tourist with a strong currency is ‘quite normal’ to a local who lives in Lira.