Campbell House is quite conveniently located in the old Chinatown area. You can get good char koay teow at breakfast or lunch from Kheng Pin coffeeshop, corner of Penang Road and Sri Bahari Road. At dinner-time, the char koay teow stall in front of Sin Guat Keong coffeeshop on Kimberley Street is pretty well-known.
For mamak laksa, there is a popular stall at One Corner Cafe, Jalan Bawasah. Opens for breakfast & lunch. Loads of other Penang hawker food choices there, too.
For koay teow thng, try the one at Malay Street, near corner with Carnarvon Street. It’s open for breakfast and lunch, and is about 10-15 minutes’ walk from your hotel: